Socially conservative political ideology rooted in Christianity
This article is about right-wing movements influenced by Christianity. For religious right-wing movements unrelated to Christianity, see
Religious right .
Not to be confused with
Conservative Christianity , a grouping of overlapping and denominationally diverse theological movements within Christianity that seeks to retain the orthodox and long-standing traditions and beliefs of Christianity.
The Christian right are Christian political factions characterized by their strong support of socially conservative and traditionalist policies.[ 1] [ 2] [ 3] Christian conservatives seek to influence politics and public policy with their interpretation of the teachings of Christianity .[ 4] [ 5] [ 6]
In the United States , the Christian right (otherwise known as the New Christian Right or the Religious Right )[ 2] [ 3] [ 4] [ 5] is an informal coalition which was formed around a core of conservative Evangelical Protestants and conservative Roman Catholics .[ 3] [ 4] [ 7] [ 8] The Christian right draws additional support from politically conservative mainline Protestants , Orthodox Jews , and Mormons .[ 3] [ 7] [ 9] The movement in American politics became a dominant feature of U.S. conservatism from the late 1970s onwards.[ 1] [ 2] The Christian right gained powerful influence within the Republican Party during the Presidency of Ronald Reagan in the 1980s.[ 2] [ 3] [ 10] [ 11] [ 13] Its influence draws from grassroots activism as well as from focus on social issues and the ability to motivate the electorate around those issues.[ 14]
The Christian right has advanced socially conservative positions on issues such as creationism in public education ,[ 1] [ 15] school prayer ,[ 1] [ 16] temperance ,[ 1] [ 17] Christian nationalism ,[ 1] [ 18] Christian Zionism ,[ 3] and Sunday Sabbatarianism ,[ 19] as well as opposition to the teaching of biological evolution ,[ 15] embryonic stem cell research ,[ 20] LGBTQ rights ,[ 1] [ 5] [ 10] [ 16] [ 21] comprehensive sex education ,[ 22] [ 23] abortion ,[ 1] [ 16] euthanasia ,[ 3] [ 16] [ 24] pornography ,[ 1] [ 25] [ 26] [ 27] and the use of drugs .[ 1] [ 3] [ 28] Although the term Christian right is most commonly associated with U.S. politics,[ 3] similar Christian conservative groups can be found in the political cultures of other Christian-majority countries .[ 29]
^ a b c d e f g h i j Douglas, Christopher (December 2021). Wilsey, John D. (ed.). "Revenge Is a Genre Best Served Old: Apocalypse in Christian Right Literature and Politics" . Religions . 13 (1: The Historical Interaction between Nationalism and Christian Theology ). Basel : MDPI: 21. doi :10.3390/rel13010021 . eISSN 2077-1444 . hdl :1828/14485 . S2CID 245562021 .
^ a b c d Gannon, Thomas M. (July–September 1981). "The New Christian Right in America as a Social and Political Force" . Archives de sciences sociales des religions . 26 (52– 1). Paris : Éditions de l'EHESS : 69– 83. doi :10.3406/assr.1981.2226 . ISSN 0335-5985 . JSTOR 30125411 .
^ a b c d e f g h i Ben Barka, Mokhtar (December 2012). "The New Christian Right's relations with Israel and with the American Jews: the mid-1970s onward" . E-Rea . 10 (1). Aix-en-Provence and Marseille : Centre pour l'Édition Électronique Ouverte on behalf of Aix-Marseille University . doi :10.4000/erea.2753 . ISSN 1638-1718 . S2CID 191364375 . The Jews have cause to worry because Evangelicals are active on both fronts, promoting support for the State of Israel , and evangelizing the Jews at the same time. While the Israeli government eagerly accepts public support of Evangelicals and courts the leaders of the New Christian Right, many Jews bitterly condemn Christian proselytism and try their best to restrict the activities of missionaries in Israel. "Jews for Jesus " and other Christian Jewish groups in Israel have become especially effective in evangelizing, often with the support of foreign Evangelicals. It is not surprising that Jewish leaders, both in the United States and Israel , react strongly to "Jews for Jesus" and the whole "Messianic Jewish" movement , whose concern is to promote awareness among the Jews as to God's real plans for humanity and the need to accept Jesus as a Savior . In this respect, Gershom Gorenberg lamented the fact that "people who see Israel through the lens of Endtimes prophecy are questionable allies, whose support should be elicited only in the last resort. In the long run, their apocalyptic agenda has no room for Israel as a normal country."
^ a b c Miller, Steven P. (2014). "Left, Right, Born Again" . The Age of Evangelicalism: America's Born-Again Years . New York : Oxford University Press . pp. 32– 59. doi :10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199777952.003.0003 . ISBN 9780199777952 . LCCN 2013037929 . OCLC 881502753 .
^ a b c Durham, Martin (2000). "The rise of the right" . The Christian Right, the Far Right, and the Boundaries of American Conservatism . Manchester and New York : Manchester University Press . pp. 1– 23. ISBN 9780719054860 .
^ Sociology: understanding a diverse society , Margaret L. Andersen, Howard Francis Taylor, Cengage Learning, 2005, ISBN 978-0-534-61716-5 , ISBN 978-0-534-61716-5
^ a b Deckman, Melissa Marie (2004). School Board Battles: The Christian Right in Local Politics . Washington, D.C. : Georgetown University Press . p. 48 . ISBN 9781589010017 . Retrieved April 10, 2014 . More than half of all Christian right candidates attend evangelical Protestant churches, which are more theologically liberal. A relatively large number of Christian Right candidates (24 percent) are Catholics; however, when asked to describe themselves as either "progressive/liberal" or "traditional/conservative" Catholics, 88 percent of these Christian right candidates place themselves in the traditional category.
^ Schweber, Howard (February 24, 2012). "The Catholicization of the American Right" . The Huffington Post . Retrieved February 24, 2012 . In the past two decades, the American religious Right has become increasingly Catholic. I mean that both literally and metaphorically. Literally, Catholic writers have emerged as intellectual leaders of the religious right in universities, the punditocracy, the press, and the courts, promoting an agenda that at its most theoretical involves a reclamation of the natural law tradition of Thomas Aquinas and at its most practical involves appeals to the kind of common-sense, 'everybody knows,' or 'it just is' arguments that have characterized opposition to same-sex marriage ... Meanwhile, in the realm of actual politics, Catholic politicians have emerged as leading figures in the religious conservative movement.
^ Smith, David Whitten; Burr, Elizabeth Geraldine (2007). Understanding World Religions: A Road Map for Justice and Peace . Rowman & Littlefield. p. 106. ISBN 9780742550551 .
^ a b Palmer, Randall; Winner, Lauren F. (2005) [2002]. "Protestants and Homosexuality" . Protestantism in America . Columbia Contemporary American Religion Series. New York : Columbia University Press . pp. 149– 178. ISBN 9780231111317 . LCCN 2002023859 .
^ Cite error: The named reference hartsem
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^ Trollinger, William (October 8, 2019). "Fundamentalism turns 100, a landmark for the Christian Right" . The Conversation . ISSN 2201-5639 . Archived from the original on May 7, 2022. Retrieved July 3, 2022 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Green2006
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ a b Edis, Taner (August 2020). "Is There A Political Argument For Teaching Evolution?" . Marburg Journal of Religion . 22 (2). University of Marburg : 1– 26. doi :10.17192/mjr.2020.22.8304 . ISSN 1612-2941 . Retrieved July 20, 2022 .
^ a b c d McKeegan, Michele (Fall 1993). "The politics of abortion: A historical perspective". Women's Health Issues . 3 (3). Elsevier on behalf of the Jacobs Institute of Women's Health : 127– 131. doi :10.1016/S1049-3867(05)80245-2 . ISSN 1878-4321 . PMID 8274866 . S2CID 36048222 .
^ Cite error: The named reference RozellGreenJelenWilcox2003
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Zubovich, Gene (July 17, 2018). "The Christian Nationalism of Donald Trump" . Religion and Politics . Washington University in St. Louis .
^ Bowers, Paige (February 22, 2009). "Will the Recession Doom the Last Sunday Blue Laws?" . Time . Retrieved October 6, 2020 . Those states — Georgia, Connecticut, Texas, Alabama and Minnesota — enjoy overwhelming voter support for an extra day of sales, but face opposition from members of the Christian right, who say that selling on Sunday undermines safety and tears apart families.
^ Cite error: The named reference embryonic stem cells
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ Cite error: The named reference Herman
was invoked but never defined (see the help page ).
^ di Mauro, Diane; Joffe, Carole (March 1, 2007). "The religious right and the reshaping of sexual policy: An examination of reproductive rights and sexuality education" . Sexuality Research & Social Policy . 4 (1): 67– 92. doi :10.1525/srsp.2007.4.1.67 . ISSN 1553-6610 . S2CID 19893992 .
^ Bouma, Gary D. (September 5, 2018). "Young people want sex education and religion shouldn't get in the way" . The Conversation . Retrieved January 6, 2022 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Petersen
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^ Perry, Samuel L. (September 2019). "What Arouses Evangelicals? Cultural Schemas, Interpretive Prisms, and Evangelicals' Divergent Collective Responses to Pornography and Masturbation". Journal of the American Academy of Religion . 87 (3). Oxford and New York : Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Academy of Religion : 693– 724. doi :10.1093/jaarel/lfz024 . ISSN 1477-4585 . S2CID 197904626 .
^ Sumerau, J. Edward; Cragun, Ryan T. (April 2015). " "Don't push your immorals on me": Encouraging anti-porn advocacy in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints". Sexualities . 18 (1– 2). Thousand Oaks, California : SAGE Publications : 57– 79. doi :10.1177/1363460714531433 . ISSN 1461-7382 . S2CID 96454666 .
^ Thomas, Jeremy N. (September 2013). "Outsourcing Moral Authority: The Internal Secularization of Evangelicals' Anti-Pornography Narratives". Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion . 52 (3). Chichester, West Sussex : Wiley-Blackwell on behalf of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion : 457– 475. doi :10.1111/jssr.12052 . ISSN 1468-5906 . JSTOR 24644031 .
^ Cite error: The named reference Kaplan
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^ Sotelo, María Victoria; Arocena, Felipe (July 2021). "Evangelicals in the Latin American political arena: The cases of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay" . SN Social Sciences . 1 (180). Springer Nature . doi :10.1007/s43545-021-00179-6 . ISSN 2662-9283 . S2CID 237748900 .